Clinical experience for Porphyromonas gingivalis detection in the cerebrospinal ţuid of patients with inţammatory diseases of the central nervous system and periodontitis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56569/UDJ.1.1.2022.43-48

Keywords:

porphyromonas gingivalis, periodontopathogens, periodontitis, inflammatory diseases, central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid

Abstract

Background. Porphyromonas. gingivalis is one of the most aggressive periodontopathogens causing periodontitis. Present scientific evidence proves the possibility of the influence of P.gingivalis on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

Objective. To verify frequency of P.gingivalis detection within the cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by various types of CNS inflammatory diseases.

Material and Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid of 36 patients, aged 18 to 79 years, with various infectious diseases of the central nervous system was analyzed during two years of study. Real-time PCR technique was used for P.gingivalis detection.

Results: 13 patients out of 36 demonstrated the presence of P.gingivalis within cerebrospinal fluid. 4 of them were diagnosed with meningoencephalitis, 3 patients had fever of unknown origin, at that one of them had Parkinson's disease, 3 patients had acute disseminated unspecified demyelination, 1 had multiple sclerosis, 1 had unspecified cerebrovascular disease. 77% of the total number of patients in whom P.gingivalis was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, also were diagnosed with periodontitis.

Conclusions: Based on the data obtained, it can be assumed that P.gingivalis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Sanitation of the oral cavity and timely treatment of periodontal diseases can significantly reduce the incidence of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

References

Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 1994;5:78-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x

Mysak J, Podzimek S, Sommerova P, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis: major periodontopathic pathogen overview. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:476068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/476068

Damgaard C, Reinholdt J, Enevold C, Fiehn NE, Nielsen CH, Holmstrup P. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol. 2017;9(1):1374154. Published 2017 Sep 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2017.1374154

Carter CJ, France J, Crean S, Singhrao SK. The Porphyromonas gingivalis/Host Interactome Shows Enrichment in GWASdb Genes Related to Alzheimer's Disease, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:408. Published 2017 Dec 12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00408

Xuan Y, Shi Q, Liu GJ, Luan QX, Cai Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection Accelerates Atherosclerosis Mediated by Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in ApoE-/- Mice. Clin Lab. 2017;63(10):1627-1637. doi: https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.170410

Ninomiya M, Hashimoto M, Yamanouchi K, Fukumura Y, Nagata T, Naruishi K. Relationship of oral conditions to the incidence of infective endocarditis in periodontitis patients with valvular heart disease: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(2):833-840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02973-2

Araújo MM, Albuquerque BN, Cota LOM, Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Costa FO. Periodontitis and Periodontopathogens in Individuals Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit: A Case-Control Study. Braz Dent J. 2019;30(4):342-349. Published 2019 Jul 22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902480

Shinjo T, Ishikado A, Hasturk H, et al. Characterization of periodontitis in people with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer duration. J Periodontol. 2019;90(6):565-575. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0735

Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Nosalski R, Mikolajczyk TP, et al. Th1-type immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens exacerbate angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(12):1922-1931. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14536

Shapira L, Ayalon S, Brenner T. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the central nervous system: activation of glial cells and exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Periodontol. 2002;73(5):511-516. doi: https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2002.73.5.511

Polak D, Shmueli A, Brenner T, Shapira L. Oral infection with P. gingivalis exacerbates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Periodontol. 2018;89(12):1461-1466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0531

Engelborghs S, Niemantsverdriet E, Struyfs H, Blennow K, Brouns R, Comabella M, Dujmovic I, van der Flier W, Frölich L, Galimberti D, Gnanapavan S. Consensus guidelines for lumbar puncture in patients with neurological diseases. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;8:111-26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2017.04.007

Volinska TB, Bondarchuk OV. Clinical Experience of the Use of the Test-system Stomatoflor for the Evaluation of Microbiota of Periodontal Pocket with a PСR Method in a Real-time. Implantology Periodontology Osteology. 2016;2:84-9.

Boutaga K, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Vandenbroucke‐Grauls CM, Savelkoul PH. The additional value of real‐time PCR in the quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33(6):427-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00925.x

Boutaga K, van Winkelhoff AJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Savelkoul PH. Comparison of real-time PCR and culture for detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(11):4950-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.4950-4954.2003

Yoo JR, Heo ST, Kim M, Lee CS, Kim YR. Porphyromonas gingivalis causing brain abscess in patient with recurrent periodontitis. Anaerobe. 2016;39:165-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.04.009

Iida Y, Honda K, Suzuki T, Matsukawa S, Kawai T, Shimahara T, Chiba H. Brain abscess in which Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;42(2):180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-4356(03)00190-6

Van der Cruyssen F, Grisar K, Maes H, Politis C. Case of a cerebral abscess caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis in a subject with periodontitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2016218845. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2016-218845

Sansores-España D, Carrillo-Avila A, Melgar-Rodriguez S, Díaz-Zuñiga J, Martínez-Aguilar V. Periodontitis and Alzheimer´ s disease. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2021;26(1):e43-e48. doi: https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.23940

Chi L, Cheng X, Lin L, Yang T, Sun J, Feng Y, Liang F, Pei Z, Teng W. Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Gut Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, and Glymphatic Dysfunction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:755925. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.755925

Elwishahy A, Antia K, Bhusari S, Ilechukwu NC, Horstick O, Winkler V. Porphyromonas gingivalis as a risk factor to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 202;13;5(1):721-732. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR-200237

Singhrao SK, Olsen I. Are Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles microbullets for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease manifestation?. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2018;2(1):219-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR-180080

Bregaint S, Boyer E, Fong SB, Meuric V, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Jolivet-Gougeon A. Porphyromonas gingivalis outside the oral cavity. Odontology. 2022;110(1):1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-021-00647-8

Olsen I. Possible effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the blood–brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2021;19(11):1367-71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1925540

Marta R, Paula LJ, Sofia VA, Júlio PJ, Amaral B. Association of Porphyromonas Gingivalis, a Major Periodontopathic Bacteria, in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2021;7:131. doi: https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5734/1510131

Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Mestnik MJ, et al. The ideal time of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin administration in the treatment of severe periodontitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2540-8

Dominy SS, Lynch C, Ermini F, Benedyk M, Marczyk A, Konradi A, Nguyen M, Haditsch U, Raha D, Griffin C, Holsinger LJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci Adv. 2019 Jan 23;5(1):eaau3333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3333

Ryder MI. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer disease: Recent findings and potential therapies. J Periodontol. 2020;91:S45-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.20-0104

Downloads

Published

01.10.2022

How to Cite

Volinska, Tamara, Olga Bondarchuk, and Viktoriya Horbenko. 2022. “Clinical Experience for Porphyromonas Gingivalis Detection in the Cerebrospinal ţuid of Patients With inţammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System and Periodontitis”. Ukrainian Dental Journal 1 (1):43-48. https://doi.org/10.56569/UDJ.1.1.2022.43-48.