Ukrainian Dental Journal

Prevalence of delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among Ukrainian children: retrospective radiographic study using CBCT data

Larysa Dakhno — 2023-03-05

Background. Tooth eruption is a complex, multi-staged, and well-regulated biological and age specific process that can be affected and influenced by many systemic and local factors. The deviation more than ±2SD from the established norm of tooth eruption terms, while also taking account racial, ethnic, and gender factors, is important for the clinician.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of delayed tooth eruption (DTE) of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among Ukrainian children sample and to investigate the epidemiology distribution of delayed eruption cases according to their causes based on CBCT data.

Materials and Methods. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data sets of 684 children (304 boys and 380 girls) aged 7–14 years old, who previously have sought for orthodontic diagnostics in Central Laboratory Diagnosis of the Head (CLDH), were collected and examined to detect any delayed eruption of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Signs of delayed eruption were identified considering tooth developmental stages, relationships between the chronologic age and dental developmental age, eruption sequence.

Results. The total prevalence of delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth among the 684 children was 42.84%. 293 children (155 boys and 138 girls) had at least one impacted or retained tooth. The maxillary canines the most frequently demonstrated signs of delayed eruption and compiled 30.7% of all examined cases and 71.67% of all delayed eruption cases, followed by the lateral incisors of the maxilla – 6.58% and 15.36% respectively, and the central incisors – 5.56% and 12.97% respectively. Loss of space in dental arch and the ectopic eruption pathway were the most causative factor of delayed eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth.

Conclusions. Delayed tooth eruption of permanent maxillary anterior teeth is frequently seen in everyday orthodontic practice and requires a multidisciplinary approach of diagnostics to avoid many treatment-related complications. CBCT data is essential for timely diagnostics of DTE and primary for the causative factors identification in order to provide optimal and effective management plan for each patient.

Dental implants survival rates among ectodermal dysplasia patients: aggregation and synthesis of literature data

Izzet Yavuz — 2023-03-05

Background. Consensus statements of several international congresses and conferences include option of using dental implants as a potentially effective treatment alternative for ectodermal dysplasia patients. So far ectodermal dysplasia seems to be the most common disorder which arguments need for using dental implants among growing patients

Objective. To assess survival rates of dental implants placed among patients with ectodermal dysplasia based on previous literature data.

Materials and Methods. Bibliographic search of publications potentially related with the objective of present study was held through PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), while also via Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/) search engine to increase the probability for identification of corresponding scientific articles. Data extraction was provided in selective manner in terms to collect specific rates of dental implants survival observed among ectodermal dysplasia patients.

Results. Provided analysis revealed that in the majority of studies approximated conventional implants survival rate exceeds 90% for the first five years. Due to the data extracted from systematic reviews implants survival rates among ectodermal dysplasia patients varied in the range of 35.7-98.7%; due to the data extracted from retrospective studies – in the range of 35.7-98.7%; due to the data extracted from prospective studies – in the range of 76-100%; due to the data extracted from critical review of literature – in the range of 88.5-97.6%.

Conclusion. Provided analysis revealed that dental implants remain reliable treatment option for patients with ectodermal dysplasia. Placement of dental implants among pediatric patients with ectodermal dysplasia characterized with decreased survival rates compare to intraosseous fixtures placed among adult ED patients. Use of mini-implants helps to overcome some complications and shortcomings related with placement of conventional implants among patients with confirmed ectodermal dysplasia diagnosis.

Advantages of using micro-implant during camouflaged treatment of the non-growing Class III malocclusion: case report with in-detail discussion

Hamid Rezaei — 2023-03-05

Background. Camouflaged orthodontic treatment as a possible rehabilitation algorithm may be proposed for the Class III malocclusion patients without remaining growth potential.

Objective. To discuss clinically significant aspects of providing camouflaged orthodontic treatment for the non-growing Class III malocclusion with the usage of temporary-anchorage devices based on presented clinical case.

Materials and Methods. Primary cohort of the publications related with the camouflaged treatment of the non-growing Class III malocclusion was formed through the literature search within PubMed database using MESH-terms and the analogical keywords within Google Scholar search engine.

Results. In present case report it was possible to achieve pleasant facial profile, and Class I occlusion with normal anterior-posterior relationships in patient with initial Class III malocclusion. The mandible arch length deficiency was corrected within the mandibular dentition, and normal alignment was achieved without altering the arch form and width parameter due to the use of Class III elastics and micro-implants as absolute anchorage. Systematized advantages of using skeletal anchorage for Class III orthodontic treatment include following: minimized drawback of dental-based anchorage, possibility for greater maxillary advancement, maximization of skeletal effect and minimization of clockwise mandible rotation, forming conditions for elastics wear during whole day with possibility to employ smaller traction forces, while minimizing risk of unwanted changes in any craniofacial structures.

Conclusion. Camouflaged orthodontic correction is a reliable treatment option for Class III malocclusion patients without remaining growth potential. Micro-implants as skeletal anchorage devices represent reliable opportunity for camouflaged orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion patients and changes the need in orthognathic surgery.

Improvement of self-performed oral hygiene among patients with braces and micro-implants: approbation of specifically designed plaque-controlled regime

Tamara Volinska — 2023-03-05

Background. Braces and micro-implants may serve as retention points for the dental plaque under the condition of insufficient everyday oral care, thus compromising oral hygiene level of orthodontic patients.

Objective. The assess changes of oral hygiene among orthodontic patients with braces and micro-implants during the use of adapted specifically-designed plaque-controlled regime of self-performed oral hygiene measures.

Material and Methods. Study group was formed out of 30 patients aged 18 to 50 years, who were planned to undergo orthodontic treatment with brace system and micro-implant. During the first month of orthodontic treatment patients used a toothbrush with thin bristles, during the second month – V-toothbrush, and during the third month – a two-row and monobundle toothbrush. The interdental hygiene was provided by the size-adjusted toothbrushes. Clinical assessment was provided with the use of hygienic indices (O’Leary, Green-Vermillion and Turesky).

Results. At the period of first month after orthodontic treatment initiation O’Leary index increased abruptly to 52.6±6.4%, which stands for unsatisfactory oral hygiene level. Values of Turesky and Green-Vermillion indices increased twofold after orthodontic appliance attachment, and after first month of treatment their values were 1.98±0.31, and 2.12±0.34 points, respectively; while after third month of treatment – 0.99±0.1 and 1.19±0.14, respectively.

Conclusions. Oral hygiene conditions were deteriorated among all patients, compared to the pre-treatment situation, which was caused by orthodontic appliances fixation. Oral hygiene of the patients with fixed orthodontic appliances should include usage of two-row toothbrush, which most efficiently clean the plaque above and under the brace arch; and a mono-bundle toothbrush for additional cleaning around brace locks, in gingival area, and around micro-implants.

Artificial intelligence in endodontics: relevant trends and practical perspectives

Myroslav Goncharuk-Khomyn — 2023-03-05

Background. Overall pool of studies regarding artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in dentistry is increasing every year, while possibilities for using AI methods within everyday endodontic practice is still quite confined and not always enough affirmed.

Objective. To systematize and depict principal data regarding use of virtual artificial intelligence for various endodontic-related clinical purposes.

Materials and Methods. Targeted literature search was provided within National Center for Biotechnology Information databases using pre-specified Mesh-terms algorithm. The following information was extracted from each publication during content analysis: diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of endodontic practice for which AI methods could be applied; accuracy levels registered for AI models used for different endodontic-related purposes; limitations of using AI within endodontic practice.

Results. AI features could be used in endodontic practice for the following reasons: analysis of root canal morphology, identification of root fractures, verification of periapical lesions, estimation of root canal working length, root canal treatment planning, prediction of pain development during post-treatment period, predication of endodontic interventions success. The most prevalently used artificial intelligence methods for different endodontic diagnostic and treatment planning objectives were the following: convolutional neural network, artificial neurons network, case-based reasoning, deep learning, machine learning, neuro-fuzzy inference system, probabilistic neural network.

Conclusion. Main advantage of using AI models in endodontic practice associated with improvement of diagnostic accuracy within reduced amount of time needed for X-ray images and clinical data analysis. AI application for apical foramen detection and working length determination demonstrates the highest level of accuracy compared to AI performance for other clinically related objectives in endodontics.